Iifowuni zeFowuni
Kutheni ukhetha uMboneleli weFanitshala yeHardware evela eTshayina?
1. Ubume beTshayina njengeziko lehlabathi lokuvelisa izincedisi zefenitshala liya komelela ngakumbi.
Ngokukhawulezisa ukudityaniswa kweTshayina kwimeko yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamandla oqoqosho, iTshayina iyeyona ngingqi yoqoqosho olunamandla. Izixhobo zoqoqosho lwase China zigqibelele ngokwentelekiso, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso luqolile kwaye luneendleko zabasebenzi eziphantsi, libe liziko lokuthelekisa ifanitshala yeziko lokuvelisa iziko lokuvelisa, ifanitshala yokuvelisa iimpawu zophuhliso ezijolise kumazwe angaphandle ziyabonakala.
Ukuqiniswa kwesikhundla seziko okokuqala kubonakaliswa kuthengiso lweemveliso zekhompyutha kule minyaka idlulileyo zigcinwe malunga ne-100 yezigidigidi, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yehardware yeedola ezili-10.44 zeetriliyoni ngo-2017, i-0.9 yeetriliyoni ngo-2018 kunye ne-10 trillion ngo-2019. kunye nomxhuzulane ophakathi nendawo uzakuqhubela phambili utsala amaziko eemveliso zamazwe ngamazwe eChina.
Amakhonkco e-2
Ngo-1996, yanikezelwa ngewonga leqela lokuqala lemizi-mveliso. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaqela amashishini angama-53 awongiwe. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, i-gross yemveliso yamaqela angama-53 emizi-mveliso idlule i-11 yezigidi zezigidi zeerandi, ibeke malunga ne-2.7 yezigidi zabantu emsebenzini, kunye nenani lilonke labavelisi abaphantse babe ngama-80,000. Umyinge wokukhula kwe-GDP yamashishini kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo malunga ne-6%.
China ifanitshala kunye nekhitshi hardware iimveliso capital 14, China hardware ishishini base 35, China hardware ilokishi 4, iyonke 53 amaqela zoshishino, apho kukho 16 kwiPhondo Guangdong kubalelwa 30.2%. Amaqela amakhulu amashishini, ukwenzela ukuba i-chain chain yokubonelela phezulu kunye nezantsi ibe nesithuba esaneleyo sokuphuhlisa, ukusuka kwimveliso yokuvelisa ukubumba ukuya kwimveliso yezinto zokupakisha, ikhonkco loshishino lonke likhulile kwaye liphelele.
Ukwahluka kwemakethi, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi
Izixhobo zekhaya zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokwezakhelo eziqhelekileyo nezikhethekileyo, eyokuqala ibandakanya iihenjisi, izilayidi zedrowa, izixhobo zasekhitshini (izixhobo zokuncedisa ekhitshini, ukugcinwa kwekhitshi, njl. njl., ezi zibandakanya i-hardware yegumbi lokuhlambela kunye ne-pendants yasekhitshini, njl. .
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yabathengi, imfuno enkulu kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili kwizixhobo zefenitshala. Thatha imboni yefenitshala, umgangatho kunye nebakala lefenitshala libonakaliswa ngokukodwa ekukhethweni kwezixhobo zasekhitshini. Ukuphazamiseka kwefenitshala, ubukhulu becala, ngenxa yezixhobo ze-hardware zefenitshala ezikhethiweyo ngokungafanelekanga okanye ukungabikho kwesizathu. Izixhobo zekhabhinethi zekhitshi kwixabiso lefenitshala libalelwa kwi-5%, kodwa ukuqhuba induduzo kubalelwa kwi-85%. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kwehardware yefenitshala kwifanitshala.
Ngaphambili, i-hardware yendlu igxininise ngakumbi kwiimpawu zayo zomatshini, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ukuxhathisa ukufuma, ukusebenza kokudinwa kweendawo ezihambayo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Kwihombisi yekhaya yanamhlanje ifuna ngakumbi ukwenziwa komntu kunye nokugqibelela, iihardware zasekhaya akufuneki zihlangane nokusebenza okukhankanywe ngasentla kodwa zikwanohombisa oluqaqambileyo kunye nesimbo sokuhombisa sasekhaya sihambelana nokugqibelela.
Ubomi basekhaya buya bubaluleka ngakumbi ebantwini, kwaye iimfuno zokuthuthuzela ekhaya ziya zisiba phezulu kwaye ziphezulu. Ngoku abantu banethemba lokuba indlela yokuphila yendoda eyonqenayo ifuna i-hardware ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye inengqondo. Phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-hardware ukuya kwi-35% yeshishini lekhabhinethi kubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwesilayidi esitsha se-drawer yesilayidi, ukufezekisa umthwalo oqinileyo wekhabhinethi yedrowa, akukho mbuyiselo, akukho ukungathobeli, ngelixa ukwandisa umjikelo wobomi besilayidi sokudambisa.
Iindleko zokuvelisa ziya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi.
Ngo-2020, umhlaba uza konakaliswa yi-COVID-19, nto leyo ekhokelela kuqoqosho lwamazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Amazwe amaninzi ukuba athathe i-lockdown ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kobhubhane, okukhokelele kukwanda kokuziphatha kokuthenga kwi-Intanethi. Ukuthenga kwi-Intanethi kuyahluka ekuthengeni ngezitena kunye nodaka ngaphandle kweintanethi kuba amaxabiso ezinto aya kucaca ngakumbi. Ixabiso lokuthengisa kwi-Amazon, ukukhupha iikhomishini zeqonga, iindleko zokugcina kunye nempahla, iindleko zokusebenza kwe-e-commerce, kunye neendleko zokuthumela iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, yinto ehlala iyindleko kunye nenzuzo yomenzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kukhuphiswano phakathi kwabarhwebi kwiqonga, ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso luya kudluliselwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwiindleko zomenzi. Ke ngoko, abo bavelisi abanomgangatho ophezulu wokuzenzekela, ii-SKU zemveliso ezimbalwa, kunye nemfuno ephezulu bayakwazi ukwenza inzuzo. Oku kufuna ukuba ababoneleli bezixhobo zefenitshala baphucule umgangatho wokuzisebenzela kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yeendleko zabasebenzi, ngaloo ndlela baphucula umthamo wesiseko soshishino lwezixhobo zoncedo zasekhitshini zaseTshayina. Abathengisi, abathengisa izixhobo zekhabhathi ekhitshini, ewe, bazixhalabise kakhulu ngeendleko, kwaye bafuna abavelisi ukuba bababonelele ngamaxabiso ancomekayo ngakumbi kwindawo yentengiso kwixesha elide.
I-Zhang Xiaoquan scissors ngumthengisi owaziwayo wefenitshala yefenitshala e-China, kodwa ngaba uyazi ukuba "ngoku isikere senziwa ziiRobhothi". Irobhothi kwindawo yokusebenzela ibamba imela engenanto kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ivelise i-trajectory evulekile-edge ngokusebenzisa ikhamera ukuchonga i-contours, kwaye emva koko ilandele i-trajectory ukupolisha kunye nokuvula i-edge emva kokuba ikhonkco lokuhambisa lihanjiswe kwindawo yokusebenza elandelayo ukugqibezela i-waxing. kunye nenkqubo yokupolisha. Le iseti yezixhobo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukrelekrele, abenzi boluvo kunye iirobhothi kunye nokusila, edge yokusika, ukugulisa, kunye nezinye izixhobo, ngokuzenzekelayo ukugqiba imela chamfering, ukusika, ukugulisa iinkqubo ezintathu.
Kwixesha elizayo, ababoneleli bempahla yefenitshala yaseTshayina baya kukhawulezisa isantya sokuzenzekelayo kunye nobukrelekrele.
Ukhuphiswano lweemarike luya kutshintsha ukusuka kwixabiso elisekwe kwimigangatho ephezulu, kwiimveliso zobugcisa obuphezulu.
Ngobunzulu bokhuphiswano, umda wenzuzo kwisigaba ngasinye se-hardware industry chain ixinzelelwe, indawo yokunciphisa ixabiso liyancipha. Bayanda abavelisi bezincedisi zefanitshala baqaphela ukuba ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso lulodwa alunako ukuseka ukhuphiswano olungundoqo, hayi indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elide, kwaye ngaloo ndlela bazama ukuphonononga iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso.
Uninzi lwabavelisi bezixhobo zekhabhathi yekhitshi banyusa utyalo-mali kwitekhnoloji, baphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha ezinomxholo ophezulu wetekhnoloji, bathathe ukwahlula kwemveliso njengesicwangciso sexesha elide sophuhliso lweshishini, bafune imfuno entsha yentengiso, baseke amanqaku amatsha okukhula koqoqosho, ukuze baqonde uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. lwamashishini.
6.Nika ingqalelo kulwakhiwo lomgangatho
Ngo-2015, ukuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza ukulungiswa komgangatho, iBhunga likaRhulumente waseTshayina lenze "iNkqubo yokuHlaziya iMigangatho yoQeqesho loMsebenzi", ecacisa uxanduva lwemibutho yezoshishino ukuphuhlisa imigangatho. I-China inemibutho emibini yokubeka emgangathweni kushishino, enye yiKomiti yobuGcisa yokuGcina isiQinisekiso seMveliso zeHardware (i-SAC / TC174), kwaye enye yiKomiti yeLizwe yoBuchwephesha yokuGcina isiXhobo seZinto zokuPheka kunye nokuPheka kwezixhobo (SAC / TC410)
Oku kukhawulezise ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho, ngemigangatho yesizwe engama-61 kunye nemigangatho yoshishino engama-270, ngowama-2017
Imigangatho yamaTshayina iphuhlisiwe ngokusekwe kufundo olupheleleyo lwenqanaba lesalathiso seemveliso eziphambili zorhwebo zamazwe aphesheya kunye nemigangatho ye-EU, phantsi kobunkokheli kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwamashishini aphambili ekhaya, ukuze iimveliso zaseTshayina zibe nezinto eziluncedo ezifika kamva.
7. Ukuwela kwemida yokuwela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ngakumbi
Ngobunzulu bokhuphiswano, umda wenzuzo kwisigaba ngasinye se-hardware industry chain ixinzelelwe, indawo yokunciphisa ixabiso liyancipha. Bayanda ababoneleli bezixhobo zefanitshala baqaphela ukuba ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso lulodwa alunako ukuseka ukhuphiswano olungundoqo, hayi umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwexesha elide, kwaye ngaloo ndlela bazama ukuphonononga indlela entsha yophuhliso.
8. Ukuququzelela ukucoceka kwamasiko
Okwangoku, iipatheni zezoqoqosho zehlabathi zitshintsha rhoqo, phakathi kwazo utshintsho kulwahlulo lwabasebenzi kwikhonkco lexabiso lehlabathi libaluleke kakhulu. Ukuququzelelwa kwemvume yorhwebo oluwela imida ligalelo eliphambili kuphuhliso lwecandelo lekhonkco lexabiso lenkqubo yabasebenzi. Uphononongo kumacandelo ezemfundo nezopolitiko lufumanise ukuba ukuphucuka komgangatho wokususwa kwezithethe kunye nokuququzelelwa kwezorhwebo kuluncedo ekwandiseni isikali semalike kwaye kukhuthaza ngokubonakalayo ukongezwa kokuzinziswa kwamazwe kwikhonkco lexabiso lehlabathi.
Ukonganyelwa kwamasiko sisixhobo esiphambili kwikhonkco lokwenza izinto kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuze kuphuculwe inqanaba lokuququzelelwa korhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya e-China, i-China Customs iqhubekile ikwenze ngokongamela kwayo kwaye yanikezela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-China Customs ityikitye izivumelwano namazwe phantse ama-50 okanye imimandla ekwamkelweni ngokuhlangeneyo kweziphumo zolawulo kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho woKhuseleko lwezoRhwebo lweHlabathi kunye neNkqubo-sikhokelo yeMigangatho yoLungiselelo (AEO).
Okwangoku, i-China Customs iphakamise injongo yokwakha ye-Smart Customs, ejolise ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji entsha efana ne-5G edibeneyo, i-AI, kunye ne-computing yefu ukuyila ngokwesayensi imodeli entsha yokucoca i-port, ukwenza lula inkqubo yokusebenza yokukhutshwa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-custous clearance.
I-China liziko lemveliso yehlabathi, i-Guangdong liziko lemveliso yefenitshala yase-China, abathengisi behlabathi bezinto zasekhitshini, ababoneleli bempahla yefenitshala, nantsi amaqela amashishini amangalisayo anombono “ubomi obungcono, ixabiso elingcono", Apho ufumana khona umtsalane owenziwe e-China. Ukuba ungumhambisi okanye umthengisi kwaye ufuna izinto zeekhitshi zeewholesale, ungaphoswa.
Qhagamshelana nathi